A Short History of Ethics has over the past thirty years become a key philosophical contribution to studies on morality and ethics. Alasdair MacIntyre writes a new preface for this second edition which looks at the book 'thirty years on' and considers its impact. A Short History of Ethics guides the reader through the history of moral philosophy from the Greeks to contemporary times. MacIntyre emphasises the importance of a historical context to moral concepts and ideas showing the relevance of philosophical queries on moral concepts and the importance of a historical account of ethics.
A Short History of Ethics is an important contribution written by one of the most important living philosophers. Ideal for all philosophy students interested in ethics and morality.
In Bodies That Matter, renowned theorist and philosopher Judith Butler argues that theories of gender need to return to the most material dimension of sex and sexuality: the body. Butler offers a brilliant reworking of the body, examining how the power of heterosexual hegemony forms the "matter" of bodies, sex, and gender. Butler argues that power operates to constrain sex from the start, delimiting what counts as a viable sex. She clarifies the notion of "performativity" introduced in Gender Trouble and via bold readings of Plato, Irigaray, Lacan, and Freud explores the meaning of a citational politics. She also draws on documentary and literature with compelling interpretations of the film Paris is Burning, Nella Larsen's Passing, and short stories by Willa Cather.
'Richly documented and convincingly presented' -- New Society
Mods and Rockers, skinheads, video nasties, designer drugs, bogus asylum seeks and hoodies. Every era has its own moral panics. It was Stanley Cohen’s classic account, first published in the early 1970s and regularly revised, that brought the term ‘moral panic’ into widespread discussion. It is an outstanding investigation of the way in which the media and often those in a position of political power define a condition, or group, as a threat to societal values and interests. Fanned by screaming media headlines, Cohen brilliantly demonstrates how this leads to such groups being marginalised and vilified in the popular imagination, inhibiting rational debate about solutions to the social problems such groups represent. Furthermore, he argues that moral panics go even further by identifying the very fault lines of power in society.
Full of sharp insight and analysis, Folk Devils and Moral Panics is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand this powerful and enduring phenomenon.
Professor Stanley Cohen is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics. He received the Sellin-Glueck Award of the American Society of Criminology (1985) and is on the Board of the International Council on Human Rights. He is a member of the British Academy.
One of the most talked-about scholarly works of the past fifty years, Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble is as celebrated as it is controversial.
Arguing that traditional feminism is wrong to look to a natural, 'essential' notion of the female, or indeed of sex or gender, Butler starts by questioning the category 'woman' and continues in this vein with examinations of 'the masculine' and 'the feminine'. Best known however, but also most often misinterpreted, is Butler's concept of gender as a reiterated social performance rather than the expression of a prior reality.
Thrilling and provocative, few other academic works have roused passions to the same extent.
What do walking, weaving, observing, storytelling, singing, drawing and writing have in common? The answer is that they all proceed along lines. In this extraordinary book Tim Ingold imagines a world in which everyone and everything consists of interwoven or interconnected lines and lays the foundations for a completely new discipline: the anthropological archaeology of the line.
Ingold’s argument leads us through the music of Ancient Greece and contemporary Japan, Siberian labyrinths and Roman roads, Chinese calligraphy and the printed alphabet, weaving a path between antiquity and the present. Drawing on a multitude of disciplines including archaeology, classical studies, art history, linguistics, psychology, musicology, philosophy and many others, and including more than seventy illustrations, this book takes us on an exhilarating intellectual journey that will change the way we look at the world and how we go about in it.
This Routledge Classics edition includes a new preface by the author.
The Psychology of Fashion offers an insightful introduction to the exciting and dynamic world of fashion in relation to human behaviour, from how clothing can affect our cognitive processes to the way retail environments manipulate consumer behaviour. The book explores how fashion design can impact healthy body image, how psychology can inform a more sustainable perspective on the production and disposal of clothing, and why we develop certain shopping behaviours.
With fashion imagery ever present in the streets, press and media, The Psychology of Fashion shows how fashion and psychology can make a positive difference to our lives.
Książka wybitnego ukraińskiego pedagoga Wasyla Suchomlińskiego (1918–1970) prezentująca eksperyment pedagogiczny z dziećmi klas początkowych przeprowadzony w warunkach szkoły wiejskiej. Celem eksperymentu była realizacja indywidualnej, nowatorskiej koncepcji kształcenia wczesnoszkolnego. Pierwsze wydanie książki ukazało się we wschodnioberlińskim wydawnictwie Folk und Wissen w języku niemieckim w roku 1968. Od tego czasu do 2012 roku książka miała 50 wydań w 24 językach, w tym w języku angielskim, francuskim, japońskim, chińskim, ukraińskim, tamilskim, hindi i bengali. W języku polskim ukazały się dwa wydania: w 1978 w warszawskich Wydawnictwach Szkolnych i Pedagogicznych w przekładzie Mariana Bybluka i w 1979 roku w moskiewskim wydawnictwie Progres w przekładzie Marii Dolińskij. Autor za tę książkę otrzymał pośmiertnie (1974) I Nagrodę Państwową na Ukrainie w dziedzinie nauki i techniki.
Wasyl Suchomliński należy do najwybitniejszych ukraińskich pedagogów i pisarzy dziecięcych okresu radzieckiego. Jest twórcą oryginalnego systemu wychowania, którego główną ideą był szacunek dla osobowości dziecka. Z wykształcenia był filologiem ukraińskim, pracował jako nauczyciel języka ojczystego i dyrektor wiejskiej szkoły w Pawłyszu (obecnie obwód kropiwnicki). Opublikował 48 większych prac o tematyce pedagogicznej, ponad 600 artykułów, 1500 bajek i opowiadań dla dzieci, w ogólnym nakładzie 15 mln egzemplarzy. Pod koniec życia poddany został ostrej krytyce ze strony moskiewskich pedagogów za odstępstwa od wychowania komunistycznego. Na niepodległej Ukrainie jest powszechnie zaakceptowany przez nauczycieli, wychowawców i naukowców mimo posługiwania się retoryką obowiązującą w ZSRR. 39. Konferencja Generalnego Zgromadzenia UNESCO włączyła do swojego kalendarza pamiętnych dat uczczenie setnych urodzin Suchomlińskiego w 2018 roku.
Rozejrzyj się wokół siebie. Czy widzisz ludzi, którzy są skłonni do popełniania przestępstw? Uwierz, mógłbyś się zdziwić, wiedząc, do czego są zdolni...
Dlaczego z pozoru normalni ludzie torturują, gwałcą i mordują? Jak to możliwe, że troskliwi rodzice przed odebraniem sobie życia zabijają własne dzieci? Co sprawia, że szefowie o psychopatycznych skłonnościach zamieniają pracownika w niewolnika? I co robić, by nie stać się ofiarą. Czy w ogóle można się przed tym ustrzec?
W książce Zrozumieć zbrodnię Ewa Ornacka oraz biegły sądowy z zakresu psychiatrii dr Jerzy Pobocha prowadzą nas przez mroczne meandry zbrodniczych umysłów.
Podstawowy błąd naszego myślenia polega na tym, że postrzegamy innych tak jak samych siebie. Tracimy czujność, myśląc: „Nigdy nie zrobiłbym czegoś takiego, nikt nie jest do tego zdolny". A to już prosta droga do tego, by wpaść w niebezpieczną pułapkę...
Herrnstein & Murray's The Bell Curve is a deeply controversial text that raises serious issues about the stakes involved in reasoning and interpretation.
The authors’ central contention is that intelligence is the primary factor determining social outcomes for individuals – and that it is a better predictor of achievement than income, background or socioeconomic status. One of the major issues raised by the book was its discussion of 'racial differences in intelligence,' and its contention that there is a link between the low observed test scores and social outcomes for African-Americans and their lack of social attainment.
While the authors produce and interpret a great deal of data to back up their contentions, they ultimately fail to tackle the problem that neither 'intelligence' nor 'race' have widely accepted definitions in biology, anthropology or sociology. In consequence, the book has been termed both ‘racist’ and ‘pseudoscientific’ thanks to what its critics see as both its faulty reasoning and its uncautious interpretation of evidence. The debate continues to this day, with academics on both sides engaged in fierce arguments over what can be argued from the data that Herrnstein and Murray used
When it was published in 2008, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein’s Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness quickly became one of the most influential books in modern economics and politics. Within a short time, it had inspired whole government departments in the US and UK, and others as far afield as Singapore. One of the keys to Nudge’s success is Thaler and Sunstein’s ability to create a detailed and persuasive case for their take on economic decision-making. Nudge is not a book packed with original findings or data; instead it is a careful and systematic synthesis of decades of research into behavioral economics. The discipline challenges much conventional economic thought – which works on the basis that, overall, humans make rational decisions – by focusing instead on the ‘irrational’ cognitive biases that affect our decision making. These seemingly in-built biases mean that certain kinds of economic decision-making are predictably irrational. Thaler and Sunstein prove themselves experts at creating persuasive arguments and dealing effectively with counter-arguments. They conclude that if governments understand these cognitive biases, they can ‘nudge’ us into making better decisions for ourselves. Entertaining as well as smart, Nudge shows the full range of reasoning skills that go into making a persuasive argument.
A key theme of Gayatri Spivak's work is agency: the ability of the individual to make their own decisions. While Spivak's main aim is to consider ways in which "subalterns" – her term for the indigenous dispossessed in colonial societies – were able to achieve agency, this paper concentrates specifically on describing the ways in which western scholars inadvertently reproduce hegemonic structures in their work.
Spivak is herself a scholar, and she remains acutely aware of the difficulty and dangers of presuming to "speak" for the subalterns she writes about. As such, her work can be seen as predominantly a delicate exercise in the critical thinking skill of interpretation; she looks in detail at issues of meaning, specifically at the real meaning of the available evidence, and her paper is an attempt not only to highlight problems of definition, but to clarify them.
What makes this one of the key works of interpretation in the Macat library is, of course, the underlying significance of this work. Interpretation, in this case, is a matter of the difference between allowing subalterns to speak for themselves, and of imposing a mode of "speaking" on them that – however well-intentioned – can be as damaging in the postcolonial world as the agency-stifling political structures of the colonial world itself. By clearing away the detritus of scholarly attempts at interpretation, Spivak takes a stand against a specifically intellectual form of oppression and marginalization.
Few stories are more captivating than the one told by Natalie Zemon Davis in The Return of Martin Guerre. Basing her research on records of a bizarre court case that occurred in 16th-century France, she uses the tale of a missing soldier – whose disappearance threatens the livelihood of his peasant wife – to explore complex social issues. Davis takes rich material – dramatic enough to have been the basis of two major films – and uses it to explore issues of identity, women's role in peasant society, the interior lives of the poor, and the structure of village society, all of them topics that had previously proved difficult for historians to grapple with.
Davis displays fine qualities of reasoning throughout – not only in constructing her own narrative, but also in persuading her readers of her point of view. Her work is also a fine example of good interpretation – practically every document in the case needs to be assessed for issues of meaning.
Despite having no formal training in urban planning, Jane Jacobs deftly explores the strengths and weaknesses of policy arguments put forward by American urban planners in the era after World War II. They believed that the efficient movement of cars was of more value in the development of US cities than the everyday lives of the people living there. By carefully examining their relevance in her 1961 book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jacobs dismantles these arguments by highlighting their shortsightedness. She evaluates the information to hand and comes to a very different conclusion, that urban planners ruin great cities, because they don’t understand that it is a city’s social interaction that makes it great. Proposals and policies that are drawn from planning theory do not consider the social dynamics of city life. They are in thrall to futuristic fantasies of a modern way of living that bears no relation to reality, or to the desires of real people living in real spaces. Professionals lobby for separation and standardization, splitting commercial, residential, industrial, and cultural spaces. But a truly visionary approach to urban planning should incorporate spaces with mixed uses, together with short, walkable blocks, large concentrations of people, and a mix of new and old buildings. This creates true urban vitality.
Ways of Seeing is a key art-historical work that continues to provoke widespread debate. It is comprised of seven different essays, three of which are pictorial and the other containing texts and images. Berger first examines the relationship between seeing and knowing, discussing how our assumptions affect how we see a painting. He moves on to consider the role of women in artwork, particularly regarding the female nude. The third essay deals with oil painting looking at the relationship between subjects and ownership. Finally, Berger addresses the idea of ownership in a consumerist society, discussing the power of imagery in advertising, with particular regards to photography.
In Outline of a Theory of Practice, Bourdieu questions the preeminent ideas of social anthropologists such as Levi-Strauss who stressed the structural principles governing human action rather than the actions themselves and, Bourdieu asserts, doesn’t account for all observable nuances of behaviour. Drawing on his fieldwork in Algeria, he expresses the need for a theory of practice focusing on the dynamic flow of human actions in the social world. Bourdieu coins the term ‘habitus’- a relational concept linking structures to the practice of agents. Outline is a significant and original contribution, providing an account of many of the issues Bourdieu continued to develop through his career.
Psychiatry by Ten Teachers follows the highly-praised and successful ‘Ten Teachers’ tradition of providing the key information in a chosen specialty as required by the medical undergraduate, junior doctor and trainee GP, written by ten respected experts in the field. With medical students closely involved in the text’s development from the outset the text focuses on what the medical student and junior really need to know, with a clear rationale for the inclusion of every topic discussed at a level appropriate for the inexperienced, and will be of value to their future career whatever field they ultimately decide to specialize in. Completely up to date, this revised second edition encourages students and recently qualified doctors to get the most out of their psychiatry and community attachments, without overwhelming them with unnecessary detail. In line with the core curriculum recommended by the Royal College of Psychiatry, useful tips and advice ensure this is much more than a standard introduction to the subject, encouraging additional reading, supporting critical thinking and bringing exam success.
Polski Hamlet sytuuje się wobec nierozwiązywalnych problemów: wobec ojca, który zginął w Katyniu, więc nie można się przeciwko niemu buntować; wobec niemożności realizacji własnej seksualności obarczonej społecznym tabu; wobec kryzysu rodziny, w której kobiety redefiniują swoją pozycję; wobec władzy, która od 1945 roku zawsze jest podejrzana; wobec państwa, które jest, ale równie szybko może go nie być. Nasz Hamlet wciąż tkwi w czasie wyłamanym ze stawu, dlatego jest Bohaterem Polaków. Hamlet to nasza sytuacja. Hamlet.pl ukazuje procesy myślenia Hamletem i obecność dzieła Williama Szekspira w powojennej kulturze polskiej. Punktem wyjścia proponowanych analiz jest diagnoza Stanisława Wyspiańskiego ze „studium o Hamlecie” (1905): „W Polsce zagadką Hamleta jest to: co jest w Polsce – do myślenia”. Autorka pokazuje, jak za pomocą Hamleta podejmowano fundamentalne kwestie: pamięci i ojców, władzy i polityki, tożsamości i ciała, seksualności i płci, sztuki i teatru. Hamlet może posłużyć jako rodzaj katalizatora, który pozwala te kwestie ujawnić, zdiagnozować, wystawić i skomentować, a także w ogóle je poruszyć, żeby się z nimi zmierzyć. Uchwycenie dynamiki recepcji Hamleta umożliwia wykorzystanie narzędzi performatyki, gdyż najlepiej uzmysławia, że jest to dzieło „w ruchu”, powtarzalny scenariusz działań, który funkcjonuje w obiegu energii społecznych, zawsze w kontekście danego czasu i sytuacji społeczno-politycznej. Perspektywa teatrologiczna daje natomiast możliwość śledzenia procesów recepcji w szczególnie wrażliwym na społeczno polityczne zmiany medium, jakim jest teatr. Jako materiał badawczy posłużyły przede wszystkim polskie inscenizacje Hamleta, ale też dzieła literackie i filmowe, eseistyka czy prace krytyczne. Pozwalają one bowiem nie tylko pokazać uwarunkowania polskiej recepcji i specyfikę polskich interpretacji, lecz nade wszystko zastanowić się nad tym, jaką diagnozę dzieło Szekspira stawia naszej rzeczywistości.
To książka o niezwykłych relacjach ludzi i algorytmów Google i Facebooka. O nowej inkarnacji władzy – władzy społecznych algorytmów. Żyjemy w kulturze algorytmów, w czasach algokracji wpływającej na decyzje polityczne, kariery, na to, z kim się komunikujemy, co czytamy, oglądamy… Algorytmy społeczne mają wpływ na społeczny dobrostan, mogą kształtować formacje społeczne, oddziaływać kulturowo i bezpośrednio wpływać na indywidualne życie. Kreują dynamiczny przepływ symboli, są częścią nowego świata, w którym ludzki udział w przekazywaniu informacji nie jest już niezbędny. Mamy do czynienia z dziełem wybitnym, erudycyjnym, pracą świetnie napisaną i pionierską na gruncie polskim. Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Jędrzejewski, Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego Autor włożył ogrom pracy w zebranie bogatych zagranicznych i polskich materiałów o tak licznych elementach teorii i praktyki nowych mediów. Zasługuje na uznanie swej monografii jako znaczącego osiągnięcia naukowego. Prof. zw. dr hab. Tomasz Goban-Klas, Prof. em. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kierownik Katedry Mediów, Dziennikarstwa i Komunikacji Społecznej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki i Zarządzania w Rzeszowie
In this classic account of madness, Michel Foucault shows once and for all why he is one of the most distinguished European philosophers since the end of World War II. Madness and Civilization,Foucault's first book and his finest accomplishment, will change the way in which you think about society. Evoking shock, pity and fascination, it might also make you question the way you think about yourself.
The new edition of this best-selling title from the popular 100 cases series explores common psychiatric and mental health scenarios that will be encountered by the medical student and junior doctor during practical training on the ward, in the emergency department, in outpatient clinics and in the community, and which are likely to feature in qualifying examinations. The book covers a comprehensive range of presentations from hallucinations to self-harm, organized by sub-specialty area for ease of reference. Comprehensive answers highlight key take home points from each case and provide practical advice on how to deal with the challenges that occur when practising psychiatry at all levels.
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