Socjologia to nauka systematycznie zajmująca się badaniem całego życia społecznego człowieka. Badane są chociażby społeczne reguły, procesy i kultury, które łączą lub dzielą ludzi. W tym dziale zatem proponujemy wszelkie fachowe podręczniki, poradniki i publikacje właśnie z dziedziny socjologii. Czytając nasze lektury zapoznasz się z podstawami psychologii, dzięki którym zrozumiesz istotę kształtowania konkretnych postaw, emocji i cech osobowości ludzkich, zgłębisz podstawy takich nauk jak: filozofia czy logika. Poza tym bedziesz mógł udoskonalić posiadane kompetencje interpersonalne, które przydadzą ci się zarówno w życiu zawodowym, jak i prywatnym.
No judgement of taste is innocent - we are all snobs. Pierre Bourdieu’s Distinction brilliantly illuminates the social pretentions of the middle classes in the modern world, focusing on the tastes and preferences of the French bourgeoisie. First published in 1979, the book is at once a vast ethnography of contemporary France and a dissection of the bourgeois mind. In the course of everyday life we constantly choose between what we find aesthetically pleasing, and what we consider tacky, merely trendy, or ugly. Taste is not pure. Bourdieu demonstrates that our different aesthetic choices are all distinctions - that is, choices made in opposition to those made by other classes. This fascinating work argues that the social world functions simultaneously as a system of power relations and as a symbolic system in which minute distinctions of taste become the basis for social judgement.
The creation of the Frankfurt School of critical theory in the 1920s saw the birth of some of the most exciting and challenging writings of the twentieth century. It is out of this background that the great critic Theodor Adorno emerged. His finest essays are collected here, offering the reader unparalleled insights into Adorno's thoughts on culture. He argued that the culture industry commodified and standardized all art. In turn this suffocated individuality and destroyed critical thinking. At the time, Adorno was accused of everything from overreaction to deranged hysteria by his many detractors. In today's world, where even the least cynical of consumers is aware of the influence of the media, Adorno's work takes on a more immediate significance. The Culture Industry is an unrivalled indictment of the banality of mass culture.
C. Wright Mills’s 1959 book The Sociological Imagination is widely regarded as one of the most influential works of post-war sociology.
At its heart, the work is a closely reasoned argument about the nature and aims of sociology, one that sets out a manifesto and roadmap for the field. Its wide acceptance and popular reception is a clear demonstration of the rhetorical power of Wright’s strong reasoning skills.
In critical thinking, reasoning involves the creation of an argument that is strong, balanced, and, of course, persuasive. In Mills’s case, this core argument makes a case for what he terms the “sociological imagination”, a particular quality of mind capable of analyzing how individual lives fit into, and interact with, social structures. Only by adopting such an approach, Mills argues, can sociologists see the private troubles of individuals as the social issues they really are.
Allied to this central argument are supporting arguments for the need for sociology to maintain its independence from corporations and governments, and for social scientists to steer away from ‘high theory’ and focus on the real difficulties of everyday life. Carefully organized, watertight and persuasive, The Sociological Imagination exemplifies reasoned argument at its best.
Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique is possibly the best-selling of all the titles analysed in the Macat library, and arguably one of the most important. Yet it was the product of an apparently minor, meaningless assignment. Undertaking to approach former classmates who had attended Smith College with her, 10 years after their graduation, the high-achieving Friedan was astonished to discover that the survey she had undertaken for a magazine feature revealed a high proportion of her contemporaries were suffering from a malaise she had thought was unique to her: profound dissatisfaction at the ‘ideal’ lives they had been living as wives, mothers and homemakers.
For Friedan, this discovery stimulated a remarkable burst of creative thinking, as she began to connect the elements of her own life together in new ways. The popular idea that men and women were equal, but different – that men found their greatest fulfilment through work, while women were most fulfilled in the home – stood revealed as a fallacy, and the depression and even despair she and so many other women felt as a result was recast not as a failure to adapt to a role that was the truest expression of femininity, but as the natural product of undertaking repetitive, unfulfilling and unremunerated labor.
Friedan's seminal expression of these new ideas redefined an issue central to many women's lives so successfully that it fuelled a movement – the ‘second wave’ feminism of the 1960s and 1970s that fundamentally challenged the legal and social framework underpinning an entire society.
Frantz Fanon’s explosive Black Skin, White Masks is a merciless exposé of the psychological damage done by colonial rule across the world. Using Fanon’s incisive analytical abilities to expose the consequences of colonialism on the psyches of colonized peoples, it is both a crucial text in post-colonial theory, and a lesson in the power of analytical skills to reveal the realities that hide beneath the surface of things.
Fanon was himself part of a colonized nation – Martinique – and grew up with the values and beliefs of French culture imposed upon him, while remaining relegated to an inferior status in society. Qualifying as a psychiatrist in France before working in Algeria (a French colony subject to brutal repression), his own experiences granted him a sharp insight into the psychological problems associated with colonial rule.
Like any good analytical thinker, Fanon’s particular skill was in breaking things down and joining dots. His analysis of colonial rule exposed its implicit assumptions – and how they were replicated in colonised populations – allowing Fanon to unpick the hidden reasons behind his own conflicted psychological make up, and those of his patients. Unflinchingly clear-sighted in doing so, Black Skin White Masks remains a shocking read today.
Leon Festinger’s 1957 A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology – one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time. It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce work that changes the way people look at questions for good.
Strong creative thinkers are able to look at things from a new perspective, often to the point of challenging the very frames in which those around them see things. Festinger was such a creative thinker, leading what came to be known as the “cognitive revolution” in social psychology. When Festinger was carrying out his research, the dominant school of thought – behaviorism – focused on outward behaviors and their effects. Festinger, however, turned his attention elsewhere, looking at “cognition:” the mental processes behind behaviors. In the case of “cognitive dissonance”, for example, he hypothesized that apparently incomprehensible or illogical behaviors might be caused by a cognitive drive away from dissonance, or internal contradiction. This perspective, however, raised a problem: how to examine and test out cognitive processes. Festinger’s book records the results of the psychological experiments he designed to solve that problem. The results helped prove the existence for what is now a fundamental theory in social psychology.
German sociologist Max Weber’s 1919 lecture Politics as a Vocation is widely regarded as a masterpiece of political theory and sociology. Its central strength lies in Weber’s deployment of masterful interpretative skills to power his discussion of modern politics.
Interpretation involves understanding both the meaning of evidence and the meaning of terms – questioning definitions, clarifying terms and processes, and supplying good, clear definitions of the author’s own. As a sociologist accustomed to working with historical evidence, Weber based his own work on precisely these skills, solidly backed up by analytical acuity.
Politics as a Vocation, written in a Germany shocked by its crippling defeat in World War I, saw Weber turn his eye to an examination of how the modern nation state emerged, and the different ways in which it can be run – interpreting and defining the different types of rule that are possible. It is testament to Weber’s interpretative skills that Politics is famous above all in sociological circles for its clear definition of a state as an institution that claims “the monopoly of legitimate physical violence” in a given territory.
Homi K. Bhabha’s 1994 The Location of Culture is one of the founding texts of the branch of literary theory called postcolonialism. While postcolonialism has many strands, at its heart lies the question of interpreting and understanding encounters between the western colonial powers and the nations across the globe that they colonized. Colonization was not just an economic, military or political process, but one that radically affected culture and identity across the world. It is a field in which interpretation comes to the fore, and much of its force depends on addressing the complex legacy of colonial encounters by careful, sustained attention to the meaning of the traces that they left on colonized cultures. What Bhabha’s writing, like so much postcolonial thought, shows is that the arts of clarification and definition that underpin good interpretation are rarely the same as simplification. Indeed, good interpretative clarification is often about pointing out and dividing the different kinds of complexity at play in a single process or term. For Bhabha, the object is identity itself, as expressed in the ideas colonial powers had about themselves. In his interpretation, what at first seems to be the coherent set of ideas behind colonialism soon breaks down into a complex mass of shifting stances – yielding something much closer to postcolonial thought than a first glance at his sometimes dauntingly complex suggests.
Haraway’s ‘A Cyborg Manifesto’ is a key postmodern text and is widely taught in many disciplines as one of the first texts to embrace technology from a leftist and feminist perspective using the metaphor of the cyborg to champion socialist, postmodern, and anti-identitarian politics. Until Haraway’s work, few feminists had turned to theorizing science and technology and thus her work quite literally changed the terms of the debate. This article continues to be seen as hugely influential in the field of feminism, particularly postmodern, materialist, and scientific strands. It is also a precursor to cyberfeminism and posthumanism and perhaps anticipates the development of digital humanities.
Rethinking questions of identity, social agency and national affiliation, Bhabha provides a working, if controversial, theory of cultural hybridity - one that goes far beyond previous attempts by others. In The Location of Culture,he uses concepts such as mimicry, interstice, hybridity, and liminality to argue that cultural production is always most productive where it is most ambivalent. Speaking in a voice that combines intellectual ease with the belief that theory itself can contribute to practical political change, Bhabha has become one of the leading post-colonial theorists of this era.
Ryszard Kapuściński wysoko cenił dzieło Herodota i to właśnie on zauważył, że "[...]zawsze mówi się o nim jako o historyku, o tym, czy było dokładnie tak, jak on pisał, czy może inaczej. Nikt nie zwrócił jednak uwagi, że Herodot był przede wszystkim pierwszym, wspaniałym reporterem....". Podróże z Herodotem są pochwałą Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego dla zasług starożytnego historyka i podróżnika, ale też autoportretem samego autora Szachinszacha, ogarniętego pasją podróżowania i poznawania świata.
When Marshall McLuhan first coined the phrases "global village" and "the medium is the message" in 1964, no-one could have predicted today's information-dependent planet. No-one, that is, except for a handful of science fiction writers and Marshall McLuhan. Understanding Media was written twenty years before the PC revolution and thirty years before the rise of the Internet. Yet McLuhan's insights into our engagement with a variety of media led to a complete rethinking of our entire society. He believed that the message of electronic media foretold the end of humanity as it was known. In 1964, this looked like the paranoid babblings of a madman. In our twenty-first century digital world, the madman looks quite sane. Understanding Media: the most important book ever written on communication. Ignore its message at your peril.
Główne pytanie postawione przez redaktorów tomu: Dydaktyka literatury i języka polskiego. Stan badań i perspektywy badawcze brzmi: „jaka dydaktyka polonistyczna?”. Jest to kwestia ważna i znacząca, szczególnie w dobie szybko zachodzących zmian cywilizacyjnych i kulturowych, rozpoczynająca kolejny dyskurs polonistyczny. Przygotowany przez Sławomira Jacka Żurka i Annę Adamczuk-Stęplewską tom ma swoje szczególne znaczenie, tym bardziej, że w większości wypadków skupione są w książce głosy młodych i bardzo młodych (doktorantów) badaczy z kilku ośrodków uniwersyteckich.
Prof. dr hab. Małgorzata Karwatowska
Autor ukazał, że edukacja integracyjna nie jest czynnikiem dynamizującym rozwój dziecka niepełnosprawnego, nie sprzyja bowiem redukcji narastającego w nim lęku ani osiągnięciu korzystnej pozycji w strukturze klasy, zwiększa natomiast koszty emocjonalne. Efekty edukacji integracyjnej inaczej oceniają nauczyciele prowadzący i wspomagający, a inaczej rodzice. Każda z tych grup wiąże odmienne oczekiwania z tą formą kształcenia. Edukacja integracyjna rzeczywiście „woła o pomoc” profesjonalistów. Praca znajdzie zapewne wielu czytelników. Jest skierowana do specjalistów zajmujących się rehabilitacją i kształceniem osób niepełnosprawnych, pedagogów specjalnych, a także licznej grupy studentów psychologii i pedagogiki oraz rodziców niepełnosprawnych dzieci. Stanowi znaczącą pozycję książkową na temat psychologicznych i pedagogicznych aspektów kształcenia integracyjnego.
Are we really being ourselves on social media? Can we benefit from connecting with people we barely know online? Why do some people overshare on social networking sites?
The Psychology of Social Media explores how so much of our everyday lives is played out online, and how this can impact our identity, wellbeing and relationships. It looks at how our online profiles, connections, status updates and sharing of photographs can be a way to express ourselves and form connections, but also highlights the pitfalls of social media including privacy issues.
From FOMO to fraping, and from subtweeting to selfies, The Psychology of Social Media shows how social media has developed a whole new world of communication, and for better or worse is likely to continue to be an essential part of how we understand our selves.
W swej najnowszej książce Piotr Jakub Fereński ukazuje relacje zachodzące pomiędzy kulturą, miastem i życiem jego mieszkańców. Autor proponuje specyficzny sposób czytania nakładających się na siebie w przestrzeni miejskiej kodów. Stara się pokazać, jak można interpretować zawarte w niej przekazy i znaczenia. Interesuje go zarówno to, co materialne, namacalne, bezpośrednio obserwowalne, jak i to, co niewidzialne, ukryte, a co zarazem stanowi klucz do zrozumienia sposobów myślenia i zachowań ludzi. Z jednej strony istotne okazują się wartości (estetyczne, artystyczne, etyczne), z drugiej zaś kapitał i praktyki władzy. Fereński zabiera czytelnika w podróż po różnych kontynentach – pisze zarówno o Wrocławiu czy Wiedniu, jak i o Brasílii, Limie, Detroit, Petersburgu, Nowokuźniecku i Tomsku. Pytając o heteronomie życia w mieście, rozważa kwestie związane z rozwojem cywilizacyjnym, ze znaczeniem architektury, z religią, z ideologią, z polityką, z globalnością, z przeobrażeniami społeczno-ekonomicznymi, z uwarunkowaniami geograficznymi. Najważniejsza wciąż jednak pozostaje kultura...
Niniejsze opracowanie to pierwsze w literaturze przedmiotu kompendium wiedzy ukazujące genezę i rozwój polskich agencji prasowych, od tworzenia zalążków tych instytucji aż do chwili obecnej. Jest to zarazem synteza podsumowująca stulecie istnienia rodzimych agencji prasowych.
W opracowaniu prześledzono proces ewolucji polskich agencji prasowych, od agencji telegraficznych do agencji elektronicznych (e-agencji). Autorka podkreśla kontekst polityczny wyrażający się w uwikłaniu agencji prasowych w bieżącą politykę, ukazując rolę omawianych instytucji w procesie rozpowszechniania informacji. Książka wykracza znacznie poza problematykę właściwą dla historii mediów, podejmując refleksję nad perspektywami rozwoju współczesnych agencji informacyjnych.
Walor opracowania stanowi materiał ilustracyjny w postaci fragmentów biuletynów prasowych. Książka adresowana jest do medioznawców, historyków mediów, politologów oraz studentów dziennikarstwa.
Dr hab. prof. UJK Renata Piasecka-Strzelec - pracownik naukowy Instytutu Dziennikarstwa i Informacji Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach. Swoje zainteresowania badawcze koncentruje wokół historii mediów oraz historii najnowszej Polski. W ostatnich latach analizuje również kierunki rozwoju współczesnych polskich agencji informacyjnych w kontekście społeczeństwa sieci.
Autorka wielu artykułów naukowych, rozdziałów w monografiach oraz trzech publikacji zwartych. Najważniejsze opracowanie w jej dotychczasowym dorobku naukowym to monografia Polskie agencje prasowe w latach 1944-1972. Upowszechnianie i reglamentacja informacji, działalność propagandowa (Wydawnictwo UJK, Kielce 2012).
‘If in this book harsh words are spoken about some of the greatest among the intellectual leaders of mankind, my motive is not, I hope, to belittle them. It springs rather from my conviction that, if our civilization is to survive, we must break with the habit of deference to great men.’
- Karl Popper, from the Preface
Written in political exile during the Second World War and first published in two volumes in 1945, Karl Popper’s The Open Society and Its Enemies is one of the most influential books of all time. Hailed by Bertrand Russell as a ‘vigorous and profound defence of democracy’, its now legendary attack on the philosophies of Plato, Hegel and Marx exposed the dangers inherent in centrally planned political systems and through underground editions become an inspiration to lovers of freedom living under communism in Eastern Europe.
Popper’s highly accessible style, his erudite and lucid explanations of the thoughts of great philosophers and the recent resurgence of totalitarian regimes around the world are just three of the reasons for the enduring popularity of The Open Society and Its Enemies and why it demands to be read today and in years to come.
One of the most important texts of modern times, Herbert Marcuse's analysis and image of a one-dimensional man in a one-dimensional society has shaped many young radicals' way of seeing and experiencing life. Published in 1964, it fast became an ideological bible for the emergent New Left. As Douglas Kellner notes in his introduction, Marcuse's greatest work was a 'damning indictment of contemporary Western societies, capitalist and communist.' Yet it also expressed the hopes of a radical philosopher that human freedom and happiness could be greatly expanded beyond the regimented thought and behaviour prevalent in established society. For those who held the reigns of power Marcuse's call to arms threatened civilization to its very core. For many others however, it represented a freedom hitherto unimaginable.
Frantz Fanon is one of the most important figures in the history of what is now known as postcolonial studies – the field that examines the meaning and impacts of European colonialism across the world.
Born in the French colony of Martinique, Fanon worked as a psychiatrist in Algeria, another French colony that saw brutal violence during its revolution against French rule. His experiences power the searing indictment of colonialism that is his final book, 1961’s The Wretched of the Earth. Fanon’s account of the physical and psychological violence of colonialism forms the basis of a passionate, closely reasoned call to arms – a call for violent revolution. Incendiary even today, it was more so in its time; the book first being published during the brutal conflict caused by the Algerian Revolution. Viewed as a profoundly dangerous work by the colonial powers of the world, Fanon’s book helped to inspire liberation struggles across the globe.
Though it has flaws, The Wretched of the Earth is above all a testament to the power of passionately sustained and closely reasoned argument: Fanon’s presentation of his evidence combines with his passion to produce an argument that it is almost impossible not to be swayed by.
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